Which organisations take part in their implementation?
EM measures are imposed by a range of criminal justice agencies including the police, courts and prisons. The organisations which implement decisions differ between countries and are usually specified in the law. In the case of the monitoring of young people, the following organisations are involved:
- Police
- Probation Services
- Prison and/or youth custody services
- Child protection and social services
- Providers of monitoring and technical support (e.g. private companies)
EM can be used as:
Front-door EM measures: to monitor compliance with the pre-trial release or community sanctions or measures as a result of court decisions;
Back-door EM measures: to monitor compliance with early release or parole. Release on these types of measures may be used as a reward for good behaviour.
The purpose of EM is generally to monitor compliance with conditions or requirements but a whole range of purposes are ascribed to the technologies.[1]
EM can be used to monitor the only condition or multiple conditions such as curfews, community service/unpaid work, participation in rehabilitation programmes, training, attending school.
EM is used for both adults and children and young people. All three countries children and young people are classed as a special group which require particular procedures and safeguards. The authorities which implement EM with children and young people often have special knowledge in working with children.
If you have any comments or suggestions, please contact Eszter Párkányi (e.parkanyi[at]leeds.ac.uk).
Last updated: 7/12/2018
[1] Hucklesby, A, Beyens, K, Boone, M, Dünkel, F, McIvor, G, Graham, H (2016) Creativity and effectiveness in the use of electronic monitoring: a case study of five jurisdictions. EMEU Report